High-yield Technology of Bitter Gourd in Greenhouse in Winter and Spring
The main points of bitter gourd cultivation technology are as follows:
1. Variety selection Lanshan Dabai bitter melon performed well. The first female peanut node of the main vine of this variety is low, early maturity and high yield, single melon weight, high yield, thick flesh, light bitterness, good quality, strong disease resistance, adaptability wide range.
2. Seedlings are generally sown in mid-October to ensure market supply during the Spring Festival. Soak the seeds for 24 hours before sowing, and then germinate for 6-8 days. Use electric heating to raise seedlings, and the power of the electric heating wire can be arranged according to 100W/square meter. When raising seedlings, cover the opaque cover so that the sunshine hours of the seedbed are 8-10 hours, the daytime temperature is 20-25 degrees, and the nighttime temperature is 12-15 degrees. When the first true leaf of bitter gourd is unfolded, spray 20-40mg/L gibberellin solution once to increase the number of female flowers and significantly reduce the node position of the first female flower. Early yields can be increased by 20-45%, harvesting 7-10 days earlier.
3. Plant when the fine seedlings have 4-5 true leaves. Before planting, make a small high bed with a bed width of 160-170 cm. Before making furrows, apply 5000kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 50kg of phosphate fertilizer to 1 mu. Two rows are planted in each plot, the plant spacing is 33-50cm, and 1800-2500 seedlings are planted in 1 mu, and enough water is poured after planting.
4. Management after planting
A: Temperature Close the shed 2-3 days after planting, increase the shed temperature, and promote seedling growth. After the seedlings are slowed down to before flowering, the temperature of the shed is maintained at 20-25 degrees, and when it is higher than 27 degrees, the top wind is placed, and the temperature is 12-15 degrees at night. During the flowering and fruiting period, the shed temperature is 25-30 degrees during the day and 12-15 degrees at night. In case of severe cold weather, if the night temperature in the shed is lower than 10 degrees, measures such as lighting a fire should be used to increase the temperature. In order to strengthen the ability of balsam pear plants to resist temperature, anti-cold agents should be added. The method of use is to add 10-15 kg of anti-cold agents to water per 100ml, and spray 1-2 times at the slow seedling stage, flowering stage, and seedling stage.
B: Before the water and fertilizer seedlings are shaken, control the watering to make the organization firm and enhance the cold resistance. After entering the fruiting period, water once every 7-10 days, and apply fertilizer once every other time with water, 1 mu each time Apply 10-15kg of compound fertilizer, water and let the wind and humidity out in time.
C: Hanging ropes and scaffolding. After the seedlings shake off the vines, first hang the ropes at the base of the bitter gourd stems. As the stems grow, take care to make the hanging ropes entangled with the vines. To set up a scaffolding, use the strong support of the greenhouse to build a two-story scaffolding under the shed film for the bitter gourd stems to climb and produce melons.
D: The stems and leaves of the bitter gourd are luxuriant, and the branches are strong textiles. Greenhouse cultivation must be carried out. Specific method: remove all the side vines below 0.6-1.5m from the main vine, and after the main stem stretches to a certain height, leave 2-3 strong side vines on the scaffold together with the main vine, and then produce side vines, If there are melons, the vines will be left and topped at the joints; if there are no melons, the entire side vines will be cut off from the base.
E: The pollinated female flowers are artificially pollinated in time after flowering to promote melon sitting. Pick the male flowers in full bloom and pollinate the female flowers before 9:00 a.m. on sunny days.
F: Increasing the application of gas fertilizer and carbon dioxide gas fertilizer can reduce the position of the first female flower of bitter gourd, mature earlier, and increase yield by 20-50%. The method is to apply Quanfu solid gas fertilizer on 1 mu after planting slow seedlings, and bury it between the rows of plants at a rate of 40-50g/square meter, with a depth of 2-5cm, and keep the soil in a moist and loose state.
